Assignment

Assignment writing: Paper 210A Research Project Writing: Dissertation Writing 

Dissertation Topic: "Reading 'New India' in Fictional World of Arvind Adiga and Chetan Bhagat"

This blog is Assignment writing onPaper 210A:Research Project Writing: Dissertation Writing  assigned by Professor, Dr. Dilip Barad sir, Head of the English Department of Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

🌟Dissertation Conclusion 

• Name: Nidhi Dave

• Roll no: 16

• Enrollment no: 4069206420210005

• Email ID: davenidhi05@gmail.com

• Batch: 2021- 23( MA Semester 4)

• Submitted to: Department of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

   Conclusion

Indian novels in English have taken an active role in the process of nation building from pre-independence India to form modern secular democratic republic India. India’s deeply rooted spiritual and religious compositions with diverse social, cultural, economic and political lives shape the narratives of the novels. Issues like caste, class division, social discrimination, freedom struggle, women's oppression and liberation were prominent in the novels of the pre-independent period. Post-independent India faces new kind of problems with the rapid socio-economic and political development and globalization. Poverty, corruption, crime, communal tension, ethnicity, nation and nationalism, women’s suppression, women’s new roles, caste based exploitation and Class differentiation has become a major aspect of writing novels in India. With dreams, hopes and aspiration, it also records failures and disappointment motives, passions, experiences, observations and vision of new India. What Charles Dickens and George Eliot, George Meredith and William Thackeray did in the 19th century England, writers like Raja Rao, R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, Aravind Adiga have done it in India. With their dynamic portrayal and the interpretations of life and the changing existing reality, they exposed harsh truth of India and her people through their writings. Indians began reading, speaking and using this language. Gradually, people started to write in English in their daily conversations. In its early stages, the narration was influenced by the Western art form of the 'novel'. Jawaharlal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu, Rabindranath Tagore, Aurobindo Gosh were the persons who contributed profoundly to abolish English in India.

. The first Indo- English novel was Travels of Dean Mahomet in 1793 followed by the publication of Bankimchandra Chatterjee's Rajmohan's Wife in 1864. Early Indian English writers paid more attention to contemporary issues than the past. They were prone to reveal problems in social and political spheres in everyday Indian life in their works which dealt with the exploitation of the poor and the struggle for freedom. Lead writers were K. S. Venkatramani's Murugan, the Tiller (1927) and Kandan, the Patriot A Novel of New India in the Making (1932) and A. S. P. Ayyer's Baladitya (1930) and Three Men of Destiny (1939). The abovementioned novelists and their works influenced the most prominent successive trio known as Mulk Raj Anand, R. K Narayan and Raja Rao. They took Indian English fiction to a higher position within the western novel writing tradition which was a new direction and opened world for Indian English fictional writing Fictional section sprouted an the pens of some notable novelists such as Bhabani Bhattacharya Mar Malgonkar, and Khushwant Singh J. Menon Marathy etc. It also created a new era for Indian women novelists writing in English with the new dimension of Indian English writing Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. Kamala Markandaya, Nayantara Sahgal and Anita Desai were the dominant examples Moreover, after 1960s some novelists began to turn their focus from public to private section because of the destruction and unrest during the World War Two After 1980, it was the period of new fiction with dominant figures such as Salman Rushdie, Shashi Deshpande, Shashi Tharoor, and Arundhati Roy. In recent times more and more Indian English writers have been showcasing their ingenious works like The Inheritance of Loss (2006) by Kiran Desai and The White Tiger (2008) by Aravind Adiga, who both won the Booker Prize Novelists introduce new techniques with their works. Likewise Magic Realism used in Rushdie's Midnight's Children, Orientalism used in Ruth Prawar Thabwala's Heat and Dust and the Popular Literature are in Bhagat's all the bestselling novels. These novelists take up the problems of the masses which have been in a straight way concerning Popular Culture. Now. Cultural Studies embraces popular culture, a culture shared by a large number of people. As Promod K Nayar says:

Cultural studies looks at mass or popular culture and everyday life. Popular culture is the culture of the masses. It is graffiti, comic books, mass cinema (as opposed to art cinema), popular music (as opposed to classical music), the open spaces of the city (as opposed to art galleries), sports. It is the culture of the everyday life of the larger number of people.

The word 'popular' is meant as a synonym for 'successful Certain books are carefully tailored by the contemporary Indian English writers and publishers to capture the attention of a wide range of potential readers. This type of literature highlights current trends and issues in front of a large audience. The young generation of writers including Jhumpa Lahiri, Manju Kapoor, Kiran Nagerkar. Amit Chaudhari, Chetan Bhagat, Rajkamal Jha. Aravind Adiga. Amish Tripathi and many others have used various types of literary forms to enrich the history of Indian English literature. Indian English fiction has become popular in the spotlight because of these outstanding writers, and it is acquiring a dominant position in the world similar to Western counterparts. The history of Indian English literature was influenced by the Western art form of the novel. As it is inevitable, there is no specific and established trend in Indian English novels in the 21" century. The works of Chetan Bhagat include socio-political, cultural and moral agenda concerning human life in the form of fiction. Here, the writer tried his best to project a world in which people are always caught and become the victims of their own cobweb. People realize immense difficulties to come out from that self-made cobweb. Bhagat's novels give us a clear picture of his deep towards youth. Throughout his novels he has tried to present the problems that the youth are facing . Everyone is trying to overcome these kinds of struggles. Bhagat has touched upon a variety of subjects like life call center, secularism, pressure in today's education system, inter community marriages, campus life, corruption and many more. He has a large amber of admirers all over the world. His novels have been translated into several Indian and foreign languages. 

Aravind Adiga is somewhat different from Bhagat His novels illustrate the global importance of India on the international literary stage that deals with pressing social issues and significant global developments from all over the globe Significance of Adiga's writing lies with his clear portrayals of contemporary Indian identity. His literary efforts attracted Indian as well as international readers. Adiga has painted a picture of rural India competing to stand along modern Indian identity. In view of Adiga's realistic evaluation of the issues faced by contemporary Indians. Ellen Turner explains why Adiga's work belongs in this ongoing canon:

Much of contemporary Indian fiction revolves around the lives of the educated, urban, and English speaking elite Characters are middle-class, with aspirations of social and economic mobility, from sections of society benefiting from the economic liberalization that began in India in the early 1990s.... characters are usually young and grapple with some kind of identity crisis brought about by the "clash" of tradition and contemporary life."

Adiga's characters typically come from poor to middle-class backgrounds. Adiga often introduces his own cosmopolitan background into his characters and explores the impact of class and racial differences Simultaneously he examines larger questions regarding Indian identity and the experience of Indian residents Indian traditional life revolves around marriage. family and community while an individual rejects these types of behaviors which provide the antithesis or contradiction. The individuals within Adiga's s experience crises involving identity, physical needs, economic hardship. and the direction of their personal futures while they share common heritage. The treatment of the individual in contemporary Indian literature plays an Aficant role in the genre of crime novels. Adiga mostly focuses on violence against specific individuals. Adiga's use of crime novel form places him well within the canon of contemporary Indian fiction.

The fictional worlds created by Chetan Bhagat and Arvind Adiga present different perspectives on "new India."

Chetan Bhagat's novels, such as "Five Point Someone," "One Night @ the Call Center," and "2 States," depict the lives of young, middle-class Indians who are grappling with the challenges of modernity. His characters are ambitious, aspirational, and often torn between traditional values and contemporary lifestyles. Bhagat's novels are known for their accessible language, relatable characters, and engaging plots.

On the other hand, Arvind Adiga's novels, such as "The White Tiger" and "Selection Day," present a darker view of India's economic growth and social transformation. Adiga's characters are often poor, marginalized, and struggling to survive in a rapidly changing society. His novels are known for their sharp social commentary, political critique, and complex characters.

Despite their different approaches, both authors offer insights into the complex and multifaceted nature of "new India." They highlight the tensions and contradictions that emerge as India navigates its way through economic growth, cultural change, and social upheaval. Ultimately, both Bhagat and Adiga suggest that the future of India depends on its ability to reconcile its diverse traditions, values, and aspirations.

Thank you...